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Digital Preservation - The Planets Way

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Abstracts Day 1

Introduction to Digital Preservation: Why preserve?
Ross King, Austrian Research Centers

We are experiencing an explosion of digital information. An estimated 1800 Exabytes of digital information will be created, captured, and replicated worldwide by the end of 2011. Unfortunately, digital data is as transient as it is ubiquitous. There are two well-known problems associated with the long-term storage and access of digital data; the bit-stream preservation problem, and the logical preservation problem. Bit-stream preservation addresses the problem of storage media obsolescence and degradation over time. Logical preservation addresses the problem of accessing bitstreams, whose interpretation may depend on obsolete operating systems, applications, or formats. The concept of "Digital Preservation" includes the standards, best-practices, and technologies utilised in order to ensure access to digital information over time.

The potential market for digital preservation is enormous - from government, to industry, to private individuals. There are also numerous legal mandates or incentives for implementing digital preservation, from legal deposit laws to protection of intellectual property. The primary barrier to the adoption of digital preservation principles is the short-term planning that characterises today's market. In order to overcome this, we should approach digital preservation as a risk-management methodology that avoids future liabilities, rather than a product with an expected return on investment. If we can reasonably estimate the losses that can be avoided through proper risk management, we can justify the investment in long-term digital preservation practices.

The Preservation Action Cycle: Introduction to Planets
Clive Billenness, British Library

This session will provide an executive overview of the activities are required in order to effectively preserve digital materials. It will relate it to ISO and British Standards on the archival of information and will consider how it fits into an organisation's wider Business Risk context. The presenter will then show in overview how these standard approaches are reflected in Planets. This will enable delegates to put into context the more detailed examination of Planets tools and services in the following sessions, and also enable them to enter into a dialogue with their own Business Risk Managers about Digital Preservation.

Introduction to Preservation Planning
Christoph Becker, Vienna University of Technology

The rapid technological changes in today's information landscape have considerably turned the preservation of digital information into a pressing challenge. A lot of different strategies, i.e. preservation actions, have been proposed to tackle this challenge. However, which strategy to choose, and subsequently which tools to select to implement it, poses significant challenges. The creation of a concrete plan for preserving an institution's collection of digital objects requires the evaluation of possible preservation solutions against clearly defined and measurable criteria. Preservation planning aids in this decision-making process to find the best preservation strategy considering each institution's requirements, the planning context and possible actions applicable to the objects contained in the repository. Performed manually, even evaluating a rather small number of possible solutions against requirements takes a good deal of time. Plato, a web-based, interactive software tool, supports and partly automates this process.

This presentation reviews shortly the motivation and needs of preservation planning, introduces the Planets approach to evaluate solutions and create preservation plans, and gives an outlook to the planning tool Plato which is publicly available and will be used in the practical sessions.

Digital Preservation: How to Preserve
Sara van Bussel, The National Library of The Netherlands

Planets Preservation Actions provides solutions for making digital objects available. Both migration and emulation tools are being developed and/or adapted to be used in the Planets environment. At the same time gaps in the tool provision are being tracked. Preservation tools are described in the tool registry as part of the enhanced Pronom format registry. This gives users of Planets registry the capability to identify, compare, deploy and invoke the most appropriate tools or services. The future of preservation action is steered by ongoing research and investigation of emerging technologies.

Tools: How to Understand Files
Volker Heydegger and Jan Schnasse, University at Cologne

Understanding file content depends on the tools used to interpret the bit-stream. In the best case, it is possible to completely render an environment and to view the file as it was originally intended. One degree of complexity below there are tools which interpret only certain parts of the bit-stream to allow a human user or a machine to characterise the files. Within the currently discussed preservation scenarios of migration or emulation, characterisation tools can play an enormous role. Most characterisation tools focus on the extraction of technical metadata and format-specific properties. The Planets project has developed a high-end characterisation approach that goes far beyond that. The Extensible Characterisation Language (XCL) provides a file format description language as well as a general container format for file characterisation.

After an overview of the state of the art of characterisation tools this lecture will give a general introduction into the XCL approach.

Digital preservation: How to Plan
Christoph Becker and Hannes Kulovits, Vienna University of Technology

The rapid technological changes in today's information landscape have considerably turned the preservation of digital information into a pressing challenge. A lot of different strategies, i.e. preservation actions, have been proposed to tackle this challenge. However, which strategy to choose, and subsequently which tools to select to implement it, poses significant challenges. The creation of a concrete plan for preserving an institution's collection of digital objects requires the evaluation of possible preservation solutions against clearly defined and measurable criteria. Preservation planning aids in this decision-making process to find the best preservation strategy considering the institution's requirements, the planning context and possible actions applicable to the objects contained in the repository. Performed manually, even evaluating a rather small number of possible solutions against requirements takes a good deal of time. Plato, a web-based, interactive software tool, supports and partly automates this process.

This series of presentations and exercises will

Tools: How to Integrate the Components of Digital Preservation
Ross King, Austrian Research Centers

The Planets approach to digital preservation is driven by the requirements of memory institutions, primarily national libraries and archives. These institutions generally already have archiving systems in place, which are often custom solutions or based on commercial tools. Replacing such systems is neither feasible nor desirable. Therefore the Planets preservation suite was designed to run in parallel with existing archive systems; it is neither meant to replace these, nor to provide archiving functionality.

We will describe both conceptually and technically how a number of processes or workflows within an OAIS-compliant archive can be supported by Planets software: the ingest process, which can be customised with various tools for the identification, validation, characterisation, and normalisation of incoming digital objects; the access process, which can include dynamic transformations to target formats (the migration approach) or the invocation of viewers (the emulation approach) for delivering data information packages; and complex preservation plans, the result of the preservation planning process, which can be carried out on a selection of archive objects.

Report on a Field Study on Preservation
Clive Billenness, British Library

Abstract to follow.

Case Study 1: Long-term preservation at the Bavarian State Library (BSB)
Klaus Kempf, Bavarian State Library

The BSB is a universal and research library of worldwide importance not only due to the quantity of its collection but also due to the uniqueness of its inventory of handwritings, incunabula and historical printings. The BSB holds almost 10 million volumes and more than 50.000 current periodicals in analogue and digital form from the 8th up to the 21st century. As central state and archive library for Bavaria the State Library is also responsible for preserving digital media from different provenance. To achieve this goal the BSB has built up the Library Archiving and Access System (BABS) which integrates technical solutions for the long-term preservation of digitized as well as born-digital objects.

The long-term preservation of the digital objects is carried out in close cooperation with the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (Leibniz Rechenzentrum, LRZ). In a current project the MDZ checks and improves the trustworthiness and scalability of its digital archive.

A strong emphasis lies on retro-digitization, a domain where the BSB with its Munich Digitization Centre (M�nchener Digitalisierungszentrum, MDZ) is considered as one of Germany�s competence centres. The strategy is to digitize the complete holding, which is out of copyright, within the next five years and to make it accessible free of charge via the internet. BSB pursues this strategy through mass digitization projects (e. g. VD-16) and the public-private partnership with Google books. The growth of digital objects in its archive has reached 153 TB by August 2009.

The MDZ preserves the original image files to guarantee their integrity, authenticity and availability over the long run, to ensure protection of investment and in order to allow the re-use of the digital objects in the sense of cross media publishing.

Abstracts Day 2

Digital Preservation at the Swiss Federal Archives
J�r�mie Leuthold, Margu�rite Bos and Urs Meyer, Swiss Federal Archives

This session introduces the solutions for digital preservation developed by the Swiss Federal Archives. Presented as a showcase we will give an introduction into the archival processes in place at the SFA with an emphasis on ingest and access. This allows the demonstration of the applications (Digital Information Repository - DIR, Package Handler and the Archival Information System - scopeArchiv) as they are actually used and integrated at the SFA.

Preservation Planning with Planets
Hannes Kulovits and Christoph Becker, Vienna University of Technology

A guided walk-through of the first three steps of the preservation planning workflow using Plato and leading to the definition of an objective tree.

Characterisation of Digital Documents
Volker Heydegger and Jan Schnasse, University at Cologne

The first part of this session explains how the content of file formats can be described using the XCL approach. This includes a general discussion of the most important characteristics of file formats and their different representations in file formats. The XCDL way of content representation is finally explained drawing on examples, especially in relation to the main purpose of XCL, evaluation of file format migration.

Practical exercise: a demonstration of an application of the XCL approach with a specific scenario. The Extensible Characterisation Extraction Language (XCEL) will be explained using examples.

Preservation Actions
Sara van Bussel, The National Library of The Netherlands

This session explains the available strategies (migration and emulation), the tools needed and the environments where Planets will be most useful.

Practical exercise: how to use Planets preservation actions with documents extracted from the sample collection. Evaluate tools with a special focus on their fitness for long-term preservation.

Benchmarking Preservation Tools: the Testbed Environment
Edith Michaeler, Austrian National Library and Matthew Barr, HATII at the University of Glasgow

This session provides a detailed presentation of the functionality and components of the Testbed, and the use of the Corpus and the Registry will be provided, together with an explanation of the Testbed Workflow and the use of the Testbed in a real organisation.

Practical Exercise: how to use some of the tools seen in the previous sessions in the Testbed environment.

Preservation Actions - Practical Exercise
Sara van Bussel, The National Library of The Netherlands

Use of the Registry and performing some preservation actions (emulation with Dioscuri or GRATE) on documents extracted from the Testbed Corpora. Evaluation of different tools with a special focus on their fitness for long-term preservation.

Abstracts Day 3

Archiving Relational Databases with SIARD Suite
Amir Bernstein, Swiss Federal Archives

The session introduces the SIARD format and archiving suite in detail. It offers a theoretical background on relational database and on their archiving challenge. It then continues to explain how relational databases can be archived in practical terms with the help of SIARD Suite. This second part will also include a brief demonstration of the application. Finally the audience (working together in small groups) will be given the opportunity to try out the archiving tool hands-on. This practical exercise will include archiving both local (MS Access) and server based (Oracle) databases.

Completing a Preservation Plan � Practical Exercise
Christoph Becker and Hannes Kulovits, Vienna University of Technology

Participants will use the objective tree defined on the previous day to perform preservation actions on the selected objects, evaluate the results using characterization tools, and evaluate results using the characterization tools presented on the previous day. Running through phases 2, 3 and 4 of the Planets preservation planning process, the practical exercise will be completed and the resulting plan will be discussed and evaluated with the audience.

Breakout Sessions

Experiencing the Testbed Environment
Edith Michaeler, Austrian National Library and Matthew Barr, HATII at the University of Glasgow

Perform a variety of experiments using the selected tools and services demonstrated in the previous Testbed session. Use the Planets Corpora to perform experiments on a range of annotated data. Discuss the results and the impact they could have on further preservation planning.
Break out sessions

Pulling it all together: Implementing Digital Preservation using the Planets Interoperability Framework
Clive Billenness, British Library

This session provides an overview of the Planets Installation Package, the Workflow Design Tool and the Security aspects (authentication and authorisation).